Research published in a letter that the growth rate of speed before the age of the infant in the risk of childhood diabetes is high. The letter from Sofia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, Dr. Bruining and colleagues. They said in the letter, rich countries in life, I diabetes onset age is declining. As an affluent life after birth can get plenty of nutrition, so its growth rate will be increased. The early acceleration of growth is bound to increase insulin secretion.
Bruining and colleagues studied children with type I growth rate of infants during their 1-year-old relationship between insulin secretion rate. They chose 91 to 15 years in the 4 years between the onset of juvenile diabetes, 125 patients and their healthy siblings. The researchers analyzed these juveniles in infancy and childhood body length, height, body mass index (BMI) change. Experiment also selected 2151 healthy Dutch children as normal.
The results showed that pre-diabetes in children and their healthy siblings have normal birth weight. 2 weeks after birth, 4 weeks, these children have normal body length and BMI. But brothers and sisters with their health compared to pre-diabetes in overweight children in an age trend. And their tall children was significantly higher than normal average, even greater than their healthy brothers and sisters.
In the 2-year-old and 3 years old, pre-diabetes in children and their brothers and sisters in height growth rate was significantly higher than the control children. However, pre-diabetes weight gain of children is lower than their healthy brothers and sisters. After 3 years of age, pre-diabetes children and their brothers and sisters have become normal growth rate.
Bruining said that because the study used only 91 of 125 diabetic children and their healthy brothers and sisters, so this study are only preliminary results. He hoped that this study will encourage other countries with longitudinal growth data and that this study will continue to carry on.
Friday, April 30, 2010
How to arrange meals diabetic patients
Diabetes diet therapy is one of the basic treatment measures, which help patients restore and maintain normal blood sugar, blood lipid levels and achieve the ideal body weight, reduce obesity and a variety of complications and development. Drugs only in conjunction with diet can play good hypoglycemic effect. Either type of diabetes patients, regardless of severity, whether or not drugs, must adhere to diets.
How to arrange food science, is that all diabetic patients must face the reality. Many diabetic patients that did not dare eat, that's taboos, severe partial eclipse; or the diet simple as "eat less food, eat sweets," is not the case.
Diabetes diet principle should be the premise of restricting calories to maintain nutritional balance. First, based on the patient's standard body weight, body shape and intensity to determine the total daily calorie requirements; Secondly, according to the principle of balanced diet, reasonable arrangements for the proportion of various nutrients, carbohydrates 50% of total calories to 60% 20% of the total fat calories to 25%, protein 15% of total calories to 20%. 1 gram of sugar or protein produced 16.74 kJ (4 kcal) heat 1 gram of fat produces 37.68 kJ (9 kcal) energy, thus can calculate the required quality of the three major nutrients. Specific methods are as follows:
Standard body weight
Standard weight (kg) = height (cm) -105. Actual body weight exceeds the standard weight of 20% were obese, less than 20% of weight loss.
Calculation of total daily calories
The total daily calories required = standard weight (kg) × 30 (Note: The obesity × 25, weight loss by × 35).
Daily volume of the three major nutrients required for Carbohydrate (g) = (total calories × 60%) ÷ 4; protein (g) = (total calories × 15%) ÷ 4 or 1 g per kg standard body weight (except kidney); fat (g) = (total heat × 25%) ÷ 9.
Types of food each day should include cereals, fruits and vegetables, meat and beans or milk. General staple can be relatively fixed, except heavy manual workers, the daily intake of 200 to 250 g female, male intake of 300 to 350 grams of staple food is appropriate. Non-staple food in meat, eggs, dairy can exchange, 50 grams of meat (or fish, shrimp) = 1 egg = 125 grams of milk a day, change patterns and tastes mostly of this type of food. The total (thermal) volume control, balanced diet under the premise of personal eating habits flexible recipes, cooking with light as well, to steaming, boiling, stewing, thick, cold and other cooking methods, small fry, fried method. Simply is: staple food limited, frequent meals, much dirty near prime, smoking cessation Jijiu, eat sweets, eat fruit.
Some patients worry about eating food (mainly carbohydrates) cause blood sugar, therefore, the staple food to eat very little, often in semi-starvation, this approach will not only cause low blood sugar and blood sugar fluctuations, and will cause decomposition of body fat increases lead to "starvation of ketosis", which, like ketosis and diabetes high blood sugar, is the body's critical condition, would cause great damage to the human body. And the long run, can also cause anemia, malnutrition and low immunity.
Also some patients that eat the staple food, calories by eating less on non-staple food (such as meat, eggs and peanuts, walnuts and other nuts) to supplement, as these non-staple food is mainly composed of fat and protein, while protein and fat in the body can also be converted into blood sugar, especially fat, heat production is more than twice the carbohydrates, eat more of these things, not only patients, and fat, can lead to hyperlipidemia, accelerated atherosclerosis, so that the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases the slightest opportunity.
Relatively low calories pumpkin can be used as food for patients with diabetes, but eating melon 500 Kernan 50 grams of staple food should be reduced. Spread in society, "eat pumpkin lowering blood sugar, eat can cure diabetes," the statement is wrong.
Commercially available "sugar free" foods, generally refers to those foods do not add sugar, but added sweeteners (aspartame, stevia glycosides, xylitol, etc.) made. These "sugar free" food itself is the food done, it will also generate heat, eat the same will increase blood sugar, therefore, can not think sugar-free food you can eat unlimited.
Although diabetes can not be the same as ordinary people freely eat the fruit, but not point can not eat. In patients with stable glycemic control was good, may be appropriate to eat a low sugar fruits (such as watermelon, apples, pears, oranges, strawberries, etc.), but must be limited, eat a can of food to exchange copies of , Watermelon 500 grams, 200 grams of grape, medium size apple (or pear, peach) 1 the equivalent of a food exchange copies of about 25 grams of sugar provided the staple food. Fruit should be counted in the total calories, for example, eating about 200 grams of oranges or apples need less 25 grams of staple food, and Do not eat a meal, but as snacks between meals or at bedtime eat, this arrangement is reasonable.
Liquor calories high, try not to drink or less to drink. For drinking, should choose a low degree of alcohol liquor, drinking when calculating calories, less staple food, beer, 200 ml of 12 degrees, red 100 ml, 30 ml white wine 20 to 25 grams of staple food is equivalent to the heat generated.
Do not restrict water, otherwise it will cause the blood concentration, thrombosis, water and electrolyte metabolism, metabolite excretion and other barriers to undesirable consequences, in order to "thirsty to drink."
Glycemic index is a measure of various types of food may have little impact on blood sugar targets, its high and low with a variety of food digestion, absorption and metabolic status. Faster digestion and absorption, metabolism may slow the high glycemic index food. For example, oats, naked oats and other coarse grains are rich in dietary fiber than the glutinous rice, rice and flour are lower glycemic index, so the staple food of diabetic patients can be more use of coarse grains such as whole wheat bread, cereals, on the one hand increase the satiating sense, can also slow the rise of postprandial blood glucose and, of course, can not eat flour and rice is not as long as the heat is not excessive on the line. Patient, Eat small meals, eat several meals a day, every meal eat less, this will help reduce postprandial hyperglycemia.
Diabetes is a lifelong disease, treatment must be reasonable diet year round, not free to exchange or suspended, in order to stabilize blood sugar, slow down and prevent the occurrence of chronic complications and development of quality of life.
How to arrange food science, is that all diabetic patients must face the reality. Many diabetic patients that did not dare eat, that's taboos, severe partial eclipse; or the diet simple as "eat less food, eat sweets," is not the case.
Diabetes diet principle should be the premise of restricting calories to maintain nutritional balance. First, based on the patient's standard body weight, body shape and intensity to determine the total daily calorie requirements; Secondly, according to the principle of balanced diet, reasonable arrangements for the proportion of various nutrients, carbohydrates 50% of total calories to 60% 20% of the total fat calories to 25%, protein 15% of total calories to 20%. 1 gram of sugar or protein produced 16.74 kJ (4 kcal) heat 1 gram of fat produces 37.68 kJ (9 kcal) energy, thus can calculate the required quality of the three major nutrients. Specific methods are as follows:
Standard body weight
Standard weight (kg) = height (cm) -105. Actual body weight exceeds the standard weight of 20% were obese, less than 20% of weight loss.
Calculation of total daily calories
The total daily calories required = standard weight (kg) × 30 (Note: The obesity × 25, weight loss by × 35).
Daily volume of the three major nutrients required for Carbohydrate (g) = (total calories × 60%) ÷ 4; protein (g) = (total calories × 15%) ÷ 4 or 1 g per kg standard body weight (except kidney); fat (g) = (total heat × 25%) ÷ 9.
Types of food each day should include cereals, fruits and vegetables, meat and beans or milk. General staple can be relatively fixed, except heavy manual workers, the daily intake of 200 to 250 g female, male intake of 300 to 350 grams of staple food is appropriate. Non-staple food in meat, eggs, dairy can exchange, 50 grams of meat (or fish, shrimp) = 1 egg = 125 grams of milk a day, change patterns and tastes mostly of this type of food. The total (thermal) volume control, balanced diet under the premise of personal eating habits flexible recipes, cooking with light as well, to steaming, boiling, stewing, thick, cold and other cooking methods, small fry, fried method. Simply is: staple food limited, frequent meals, much dirty near prime, smoking cessation Jijiu, eat sweets, eat fruit.
Some patients worry about eating food (mainly carbohydrates) cause blood sugar, therefore, the staple food to eat very little, often in semi-starvation, this approach will not only cause low blood sugar and blood sugar fluctuations, and will cause decomposition of body fat increases lead to "starvation of ketosis", which, like ketosis and diabetes high blood sugar, is the body's critical condition, would cause great damage to the human body. And the long run, can also cause anemia, malnutrition and low immunity.
Also some patients that eat the staple food, calories by eating less on non-staple food (such as meat, eggs and peanuts, walnuts and other nuts) to supplement, as these non-staple food is mainly composed of fat and protein, while protein and fat in the body can also be converted into blood sugar, especially fat, heat production is more than twice the carbohydrates, eat more of these things, not only patients, and fat, can lead to hyperlipidemia, accelerated atherosclerosis, so that the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases the slightest opportunity.
Relatively low calories pumpkin can be used as food for patients with diabetes, but eating melon 500 Kernan 50 grams of staple food should be reduced. Spread in society, "eat pumpkin lowering blood sugar, eat can cure diabetes," the statement is wrong.
Commercially available "sugar free" foods, generally refers to those foods do not add sugar, but added sweeteners (aspartame, stevia glycosides, xylitol, etc.) made. These "sugar free" food itself is the food done, it will also generate heat, eat the same will increase blood sugar, therefore, can not think sugar-free food you can eat unlimited.
Although diabetes can not be the same as ordinary people freely eat the fruit, but not point can not eat. In patients with stable glycemic control was good, may be appropriate to eat a low sugar fruits (such as watermelon, apples, pears, oranges, strawberries, etc.), but must be limited, eat a can of food to exchange copies of , Watermelon 500 grams, 200 grams of grape, medium size apple (or pear, peach) 1 the equivalent of a food exchange copies of about 25 grams of sugar provided the staple food. Fruit should be counted in the total calories, for example, eating about 200 grams of oranges or apples need less 25 grams of staple food, and Do not eat a meal, but as snacks between meals or at bedtime eat, this arrangement is reasonable.
Liquor calories high, try not to drink or less to drink. For drinking, should choose a low degree of alcohol liquor, drinking when calculating calories, less staple food, beer, 200 ml of 12 degrees, red 100 ml, 30 ml white wine 20 to 25 grams of staple food is equivalent to the heat generated.
Do not restrict water, otherwise it will cause the blood concentration, thrombosis, water and electrolyte metabolism, metabolite excretion and other barriers to undesirable consequences, in order to "thirsty to drink."
Glycemic index is a measure of various types of food may have little impact on blood sugar targets, its high and low with a variety of food digestion, absorption and metabolic status. Faster digestion and absorption, metabolism may slow the high glycemic index food. For example, oats, naked oats and other coarse grains are rich in dietary fiber than the glutinous rice, rice and flour are lower glycemic index, so the staple food of diabetic patients can be more use of coarse grains such as whole wheat bread, cereals, on the one hand increase the satiating sense, can also slow the rise of postprandial blood glucose and, of course, can not eat flour and rice is not as long as the heat is not excessive on the line. Patient, Eat small meals, eat several meals a day, every meal eat less, this will help reduce postprandial hyperglycemia.
Diabetes is a lifelong disease, treatment must be reasonable diet year round, not free to exchange or suspended, in order to stabilize blood sugar, slow down and prevent the occurrence of chronic complications and development of quality of life.
Mulberry leaf tea safe hypoglycemic
Early diabetes and no symptoms of disease, but the terrible situation in the imperceptible, if ignored, may cause kidney damage, retinopathy, nerve damage. Complications of diabetes can also lead directly to life-threatening myocardial infarction, cerebral thrombosis, etc.. To avoid this situation occurs, usually the need to improve eating habits and enhance prevention. In this regard, mulberry leaves as a natural non-toxic edible resources being taken more seriously.
Since ancient times, Chinese medicine will mulberry leaves as a treatment for Diabetes Disease (equivalent to modern medicine, diabetes) is used in clinical medicine. "Compendium of Materia Medica" records: mulberry leaf "juice fried on behalf of the tea, could only Diabetes"; "Moxibustion cooked fried drink, cup of tea quenches thirst."
In recent years, national research on the composition of mulberry leaves, function and mechanism of a systematic study, found that mulberry leaves are rich in amino acids, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, and a variety of physiological active substances, reducing blood sugar, lower blood pressure, blood fat, anti-aging and other health effects.
Foreign scientists isolated from mulberry leaves 6 alkaloids, and to determine its molecular structure. The researchers used these types of compounds in diabetic mice have been studied, results showed that lowering blood glucose mulberry leaves, in which the most potent alkaloids and polysaccharides.
Found that the hypoglycemic effect of mulberry leaves is achieved through two ways: (1) through mulberry DNJ alkaloid decomposition of the two sugars inhibit the enzyme, thus inhibiting the absorption of the small intestine of the double sugar, lower blood sugar after eating the peak value. (2), and mulberry leaves, mulberry leaf alkaloid fagomine promote cell secretion of insulin, and insulin can promote the cells to use glucose, glycogen synthesis and to improve glucose metabolism, and ultimately the effect of lowering blood sugar. Mulberry leaf organic chromium can reduce insulin resistance, enhanced insulin function. Leaf peeling testosterone can also promote glucose into glycogen, ultimately hypoglycemic effect. And do not affect healthy people's blood sugar levels, diabetes and play a full range of preventive health benefits.
Pharmacological research showed that: mulberry caused by injection to mice injected with low acute toxicity; in sub-acute tests, with 10% of mulberry leaf injection of 60 times the human dosage, continuous intraperitoneal injection to mice 21 days of the internal organs without damage (degeneration, bleeding). 10% of mulberry leaf extract was injected into rabbit femoral muscle or conjunctiva of eye drops, were not found in the local stimulation. Guinea pig allergy test was negative, no experiments on sheep red blood cell hemolysis. These facts suggest that mulberry leaf tea is safe when used non-toxic amount of application of side effects.
Since ancient times, Chinese medicine will mulberry leaves as a treatment for Diabetes Disease (equivalent to modern medicine, diabetes) is used in clinical medicine. "Compendium of Materia Medica" records: mulberry leaf "juice fried on behalf of the tea, could only Diabetes"; "Moxibustion cooked fried drink, cup of tea quenches thirst."
In recent years, national research on the composition of mulberry leaves, function and mechanism of a systematic study, found that mulberry leaves are rich in amino acids, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, and a variety of physiological active substances, reducing blood sugar, lower blood pressure, blood fat, anti-aging and other health effects.
Foreign scientists isolated from mulberry leaves 6 alkaloids, and to determine its molecular structure. The researchers used these types of compounds in diabetic mice have been studied, results showed that lowering blood glucose mulberry leaves, in which the most potent alkaloids and polysaccharides.
Found that the hypoglycemic effect of mulberry leaves is achieved through two ways: (1) through mulberry DNJ alkaloid decomposition of the two sugars inhibit the enzyme, thus inhibiting the absorption of the small intestine of the double sugar, lower blood sugar after eating the peak value. (2), and mulberry leaves, mulberry leaf alkaloid fagomine promote cell secretion of insulin, and insulin can promote the cells to use glucose, glycogen synthesis and to improve glucose metabolism, and ultimately the effect of lowering blood sugar. Mulberry leaf organic chromium can reduce insulin resistance, enhanced insulin function. Leaf peeling testosterone can also promote glucose into glycogen, ultimately hypoglycemic effect. And do not affect healthy people's blood sugar levels, diabetes and play a full range of preventive health benefits.
Pharmacological research showed that: mulberry caused by injection to mice injected with low acute toxicity; in sub-acute tests, with 10% of mulberry leaf injection of 60 times the human dosage, continuous intraperitoneal injection to mice 21 days of the internal organs without damage (degeneration, bleeding). 10% of mulberry leaf extract was injected into rabbit femoral muscle or conjunctiva of eye drops, were not found in the local stimulation. Guinea pig allergy test was negative, no experiments on sheep red blood cell hemolysis. These facts suggest that mulberry leaf tea is safe when used non-toxic amount of application of side effects.
Five bean hypoglycemic: It really magical?
1. 5 beans can cure diabetes?
Freshwater Road, Shanghai, Mr. Chen: My friend Lee diabetes five years ago, last year he followed a diet prescriptions to treat diabetes, soybeans, green beans, peas, beans and peanuts equal, mixed ground into soy milk cook- Beverage Service, or eat them cooked together. Once a day, morning and eat. Lee persisted in eating "five beans," he said, it is not only to restore the normal blood sugar and urine sugar, but also eat incense, can sleep, then faster, hair black, eyes, feet and good physical strength. Will the "five beans," the effect of a really good thing?
Wang Jianhua: About "five beans hypoglycemic," saying the folklore of the long-end, I reviewed a lot of information about diabetes diet, but did not find compelling scientific evidence. The hypoglycemic effect, the "five beans," the role is very limited, at best, can only play the role of adjuvant therapy.
Some patients eat "five beans," the feel good hypoglycemic effect, may have the following several reasons: 1. In the eating "five beans," while eating hypoglycemic agent, is hypoglycemic agents at work; 2. Some of Diabetes these patients are very light, or is stress hyperglycemia, and all such cases as long as the improvement of lifestyle (eg diet, increased exercise, weight loss, etc.), to eliminate stress factors, many return to normal blood sugar.
Denied, legumes are rich in dietary fiber, in addition to improving constipation, it can also slow down food absorption, inhibition of postprandial hyperglycemia, but of only limited use, it can be a diet, but can not be used to replace antidiabetic drugs . Also, pay attention to diabetes diet therapy is the "heat control and a balanced diet," all kinds of nutrients are required by the proportion of intake, rather than the more the better.
2. To eat "five beans," need to pay attention to?
Tak Wai Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing 18, Mr Wong: Yes I recommend sufferers to "five beans," the therapeutic approach is to soybeans, black beans, broad beans, peas, green beans cooked with five beans to eat, that good results, I would like to according eat, do not know if I have nothing to pay attention to? "five beans," for what kind of patients?
Wang Jianhua: legumes (such as soy beans, black beans, broad beans, peas, mung bean, red bean, etc.) has a wealth of nutrition, containing 35% ~ 45% of protein, fat 15% ~ 25%, carbohydrate 25% to 30% relatively high protein content of which is an important source of protein in the human body, it can be eaten in moderation "five beans." But with diabetic nephropathy, renal failure patients, to ease the burden on the kidneys, protein intake should be limited, a daily intake of protein per kilogram of body weight less than 0.6 to 0.8 grams.
If the "5 beans" in peanuts need attention, peanuts contain more fat, diabetes and more difficult to eat. Per 100 grams of peanuts (peeled) with 589 kilocalories, compared with the same weight of rice, pork, mutton, poultry meat, high calories, unrestricted consumption of peanuts will increase calories and fat intake to body weight increased, increased blood lipids, blood glucose and blood pressure is not conducive to the control, the proposed "five beans," Do the best with peanut.
Freshwater Road, Shanghai, Mr. Chen: My friend Lee diabetes five years ago, last year he followed a diet prescriptions to treat diabetes, soybeans, green beans, peas, beans and peanuts equal, mixed ground into soy milk cook- Beverage Service, or eat them cooked together. Once a day, morning and eat. Lee persisted in eating "five beans," he said, it is not only to restore the normal blood sugar and urine sugar, but also eat incense, can sleep, then faster, hair black, eyes, feet and good physical strength. Will the "five beans," the effect of a really good thing?
Wang Jianhua: About "five beans hypoglycemic," saying the folklore of the long-end, I reviewed a lot of information about diabetes diet, but did not find compelling scientific evidence. The hypoglycemic effect, the "five beans," the role is very limited, at best, can only play the role of adjuvant therapy.
Some patients eat "five beans," the feel good hypoglycemic effect, may have the following several reasons: 1. In the eating "five beans," while eating hypoglycemic agent, is hypoglycemic agents at work; 2. Some of Diabetes these patients are very light, or is stress hyperglycemia, and all such cases as long as the improvement of lifestyle (eg diet, increased exercise, weight loss, etc.), to eliminate stress factors, many return to normal blood sugar.
Denied, legumes are rich in dietary fiber, in addition to improving constipation, it can also slow down food absorption, inhibition of postprandial hyperglycemia, but of only limited use, it can be a diet, but can not be used to replace antidiabetic drugs . Also, pay attention to diabetes diet therapy is the "heat control and a balanced diet," all kinds of nutrients are required by the proportion of intake, rather than the more the better.
2. To eat "five beans," need to pay attention to?
Tak Wai Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing 18, Mr Wong: Yes I recommend sufferers to "five beans," the therapeutic approach is to soybeans, black beans, broad beans, peas, green beans cooked with five beans to eat, that good results, I would like to according eat, do not know if I have nothing to pay attention to? "five beans," for what kind of patients?
Wang Jianhua: legumes (such as soy beans, black beans, broad beans, peas, mung bean, red bean, etc.) has a wealth of nutrition, containing 35% ~ 45% of protein, fat 15% ~ 25%, carbohydrate 25% to 30% relatively high protein content of which is an important source of protein in the human body, it can be eaten in moderation "five beans." But with diabetic nephropathy, renal failure patients, to ease the burden on the kidneys, protein intake should be limited, a daily intake of protein per kilogram of body weight less than 0.6 to 0.8 grams.
If the "5 beans" in peanuts need attention, peanuts contain more fat, diabetes and more difficult to eat. Per 100 grams of peanuts (peeled) with 589 kilocalories, compared with the same weight of rice, pork, mutton, poultry meat, high calories, unrestricted consumption of peanuts will increase calories and fat intake to body weight increased, increased blood lipids, blood glucose and blood pressure is not conducive to the control, the proposed "five beans," Do the best with peanut.
Thursday, April 29, 2010
Do not let the complexity of diabetes medical misdiagnosis
With the popularization of science knowledge, the mention of the diabetic people often think of "a little over 3" - polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia and weight loss symptoms. In fact, the clinical symptoms of diabetes are complex and changeable, especially in the elderly suffering from diabetes, the typical symptoms are not very clear, often due to severe cardiovascular disease and eye, neuropathy or infection or even unconscious to the hospital, was finally confirmed as diabetes. Therefore, to identify diabetes, we except to note that "more than three a little" symptom, but also about other non-typical symptoms, so they are not to missed.
Not the typical elderly diabetic common symptoms are:
Limbs.
This is a common symptom of diabetes. This is because diabetes can not make full use of glucose released energy efficient, with tissue dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, there will be generalized weakness, lassitude.
Vascular lesions.
Macrovascular disease can cause coronary heart disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease and arterial sclerosis. Common microvascular complications of diabetes, retinopathy, diabetes, kidney disease, diabetic retinopathy is the main reason for the elderly blind; diabetic nephropathy can lead to renal insufficiency, uremia eventually occur. Some studies have shown clinical dialysis patients, diabetes caused by 60% to 80%.
Eye.
In addition to diabetes can cause retinopathy, it can also cause a variety of eye diseases, such as corneal ulcers, glaucoma, cataract, vitreous hemorrhage. Many people with diabetes in the eye doctor first. Therefore, if the elderly find that vision suddenly diminished, not only to think to eye examinations, there is no guard against diabetes.
Neuropathy.
Diabetic neuropathy is divided into peripheral neuropathy, cranial neuropathy and autonomic neuropathy, clinical symptoms are diplopia, seeing out of ghosting, urinary retention, voiding difficulty, etc., but the most common is numbness of the feet and fingers, stabbed pain and sensory dysfunction, severe muscle atrophy can occur, nerve paralysis and limb paralysis, hearing loss and Kouyanwaixie so.
Immune dysfunction.
High blood sugar inhibits the immune function, and provide rich nutrients for the pathogen, so people with diabetes can cause tuberculosis, lung infection, biliary tract infections, urinary tract infections, and ferocious, difficult to control. In addition, lower extremity nerve, blood vessel disease, with a combination of infection, diabetes-prone diabetic foot, leg ulceration occurs, necrosis, severe cases can lead to amputation.
As the high incidence of diabetes, complications, serious consequences, it has been following the cancer, cardiovascular disease became serious harm to human life and health of the third killer, therefore, should pay close attention. The elderly in the event of the above, should go to the hospital for appropriate examination. Determination of blood glucose is the sole criterion for diagnosis of diabetes. Fasting blood glucose greater than or equal to 7 mmol / l, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose greater than or equal to 11.1 mmol / L, the exclusion of other causes blood sugar, diabetes can be diagnosed. If the range between 2 and can be used glucose tolerance test.
It is worth noting that many elderly people suspect that they have diabetes to the hospital for fasting blood sugar screening, blood sugar not meet diagnostic criteria, we believe they do not diabetes, off guard. In fact, about half of elderly diabetics, fasting plasma glucose may not be as high as 7 mmol / liter, and 2 hour blood glucose will be greater than 11.1 mmol / l, if only do fasting glucose, postprandial blood glucose do not , easily lead to missed diagnosis. This is because some of the elderly overcome their early insulin secretion in vivo hormone effects blood sugar rise, but not enough to overcome the postprandial hyperglycemia.
Not the typical elderly diabetic common symptoms are:
Limbs.
This is a common symptom of diabetes. This is because diabetes can not make full use of glucose released energy efficient, with tissue dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, there will be generalized weakness, lassitude.
Vascular lesions.
Macrovascular disease can cause coronary heart disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease and arterial sclerosis. Common microvascular complications of diabetes, retinopathy, diabetes, kidney disease, diabetic retinopathy is the main reason for the elderly blind; diabetic nephropathy can lead to renal insufficiency, uremia eventually occur. Some studies have shown clinical dialysis patients, diabetes caused by 60% to 80%.
Eye.
In addition to diabetes can cause retinopathy, it can also cause a variety of eye diseases, such as corneal ulcers, glaucoma, cataract, vitreous hemorrhage. Many people with diabetes in the eye doctor first. Therefore, if the elderly find that vision suddenly diminished, not only to think to eye examinations, there is no guard against diabetes.
Neuropathy.
Diabetic neuropathy is divided into peripheral neuropathy, cranial neuropathy and autonomic neuropathy, clinical symptoms are diplopia, seeing out of ghosting, urinary retention, voiding difficulty, etc., but the most common is numbness of the feet and fingers, stabbed pain and sensory dysfunction, severe muscle atrophy can occur, nerve paralysis and limb paralysis, hearing loss and Kouyanwaixie so.
Immune dysfunction.
High blood sugar inhibits the immune function, and provide rich nutrients for the pathogen, so people with diabetes can cause tuberculosis, lung infection, biliary tract infections, urinary tract infections, and ferocious, difficult to control. In addition, lower extremity nerve, blood vessel disease, with a combination of infection, diabetes-prone diabetic foot, leg ulceration occurs, necrosis, severe cases can lead to amputation.
As the high incidence of diabetes, complications, serious consequences, it has been following the cancer, cardiovascular disease became serious harm to human life and health of the third killer, therefore, should pay close attention. The elderly in the event of the above, should go to the hospital for appropriate examination. Determination of blood glucose is the sole criterion for diagnosis of diabetes. Fasting blood glucose greater than or equal to 7 mmol / l, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose greater than or equal to 11.1 mmol / L, the exclusion of other causes blood sugar, diabetes can be diagnosed. If the range between 2 and can be used glucose tolerance test.
It is worth noting that many elderly people suspect that they have diabetes to the hospital for fasting blood sugar screening, blood sugar not meet diagnostic criteria, we believe they do not diabetes, off guard. In fact, about half of elderly diabetics, fasting plasma glucose may not be as high as 7 mmol / liter, and 2 hour blood glucose will be greater than 11.1 mmol / l, if only do fasting glucose, postprandial blood glucose do not , easily lead to missed diagnosis. This is because some of the elderly overcome their early insulin secretion in vivo hormone effects blood sugar rise, but not enough to overcome the postprandial hyperglycemia.
The number of people with diabetes every day the best replenishment
Has been mistaken for many diabetic patients with polydipsia and polyuria of diabetes is caused because too much water, if there is less water, you can control the symptoms of polydipsia and polyuria.
This is not true. Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, health education experts XU Wei-min said that many diabetes patients to control the symptoms of polydipsia and polyuria, even if the thirsty to drink water or do not want to drink as little as possible. Although this surface symptoms of polydipsia and polyuria were reduced, but the objective has led to elevated blood glucose levels, in fact increased the diabetes condition. According to statistical data analysis, because of improper water induced exacerbations, accounting for one to two percent of diabetic patients.
So, people with diabetes every day how much water to add more appropriate? XU Wei-min suggested that diabetes and other ordinary people on average per day 2500 ml of water. In addition to some of the water contained in the diet, there are 1600-2000 ml of water depend on external water supply. He warned that diabetes could be used for drinking water has boiled water, light tea, mineral water, not drinking sugary drinks. In addition, he said that in food intake more protein, exercise intensity, sweat and more such cases, should be the appropriate drink plenty of water. Milk, soy milk is a good diabetes hydration drink. Drank milk, soy milk can improve the calcium status, milk also contains a certain amount of dietary fiber, and therefore more suitable for comparison of obesity, high blood lipids, high blood pressure diabetes drinking.
This is not true. Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, health education experts XU Wei-min said that many diabetes patients to control the symptoms of polydipsia and polyuria, even if the thirsty to drink water or do not want to drink as little as possible. Although this surface symptoms of polydipsia and polyuria were reduced, but the objective has led to elevated blood glucose levels, in fact increased the diabetes condition. According to statistical data analysis, because of improper water induced exacerbations, accounting for one to two percent of diabetic patients.
So, people with diabetes every day how much water to add more appropriate? XU Wei-min suggested that diabetes and other ordinary people on average per day 2500 ml of water. In addition to some of the water contained in the diet, there are 1600-2000 ml of water depend on external water supply. He warned that diabetes could be used for drinking water has boiled water, light tea, mineral water, not drinking sugary drinks. In addition, he said that in food intake more protein, exercise intensity, sweat and more such cases, should be the appropriate drink plenty of water. Milk, soy milk is a good diabetes hydration drink. Drank milk, soy milk can improve the calcium status, milk also contains a certain amount of dietary fiber, and therefore more suitable for comparison of obesity, high blood lipids, high blood pressure diabetes drinking.
What is acute renal failure
Acute renal failure was more than a few persons of urine-based, most have been oliguria, polyuria phase and recovery phase three stages, in particular, acute tubular necrosis show more and more typical.
Oliguria: urine output within 24 hours means less than 400 ml, or less than 17 milliliters per hour urine output, usually last for 1 to 2 weeks, but there are more than up to 4 weeks. Mainly as water intoxication, metabolic disorders, such as electrolyte imbalance, acid-base balance disorders, uremia. Water intoxication Changbiaoxianwei edema, and even then Pulmonary edema, cerebral edema, congestive heart failure; electrolyte disorders common with hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, high blood magnesium; acid-base balance mainly as metabolic acidosis. At the same time there is a negative balance of heat, can aggravate acidosis and uremia. Uremia is characterized by BUN, Scr increased rapidly, with nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and other gastrointestinal reactions. Since all of these pathophysiological changes, often complicated by pulmonary infection, cardiac arrhythmia, nervous system damage and even death.
Polyuria of: oliguric period, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate increased, appeared more of urine, into the polyuria phase, but it does not mean that has been restored, because there is still time azotemia, renal tubular concentration function did not recover. Still water, electrolyte disorders. Performance for the 24-hour urine volume increased to 1500 ml or more, as many as 6,000 ml, of course, daily urine output is gradually increased, as long as the daily urine output was about 400 ml of urine that began to enter the multi-phase. Polyuria phase duration is about 7 to 14 days. Polyuria of renal function that began to recover, with the increase in urine output, oliguria of the various disorders gradually improved. But also prone to the negative water and electrolyte balance, such as dehydration, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, or have high blood calcium, and because long-term consumption of resistant patients decreased, may predispose to infection.
Recovery: After the entry of multi-urinary recovery, according to different patients, varying duration of recovery period, usually 3 months to 12 months. The regular presence of renal dysfunction, the majority can be completely back to normal, only a small number of residual renal dysfunction and may develop chronic renal insufficiency.
Treatment of acute renal failure principle is: mostly due to acute reversible failure of any treatment should be careful not to add damage. Oliguria focus on to minimize the oliguric phase of the various disorders, kidney disease should focus on to first base "to keep people", that is, save the sick, to prevent the death, removal of concrete are the primary factors, correct water and electrolyte and acid-base balance disorders, aggressive treatment of heart failure, arrhythmia, brain, stress ulcer bleeding and other serious complications, conditions are encouraged to take dialysis. Polyuria of treatment is to prevent negative electrolyte and water balance, up for what we lack, but also should prevent infection. In the oliguric phase should also ensure that patients have enough heat to add a long recovery because of the time, renal function should be protected from damage, can not be ignored. Traditional Chinese Medicine on the treatment of acute renal failure, mainly in polyuria and recovery periods, can promote the restoration and enhancement of patient body mass, mainly for the Qi and Yin Deficiency Zheng, Qi and Yin used method of increasing fluid Xuan Yong Sheng Mai Yin He Treatment, drugs such as American ginseng, Ophiopogon japonicus, Scrophulariaceae, raw Rehmannia, Radix. If the body can increase Semen Yang, Curculigo, Epimedium and other drugs. Treatment of the oliguric period, also reported according to the dialectical, according to Chinese medicine, "Dysuria" permit the treatment, but the results were not very sure, and not blindly use the euphorbia, Euphorbia, commercial land and other toxic substances, so as not to aggravate kidney damage.
Oliguria: urine output within 24 hours means less than 400 ml, or less than 17 milliliters per hour urine output, usually last for 1 to 2 weeks, but there are more than up to 4 weeks. Mainly as water intoxication, metabolic disorders, such as electrolyte imbalance, acid-base balance disorders, uremia. Water intoxication Changbiaoxianwei edema, and even then Pulmonary edema, cerebral edema, congestive heart failure; electrolyte disorders common with hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, high blood magnesium; acid-base balance mainly as metabolic acidosis. At the same time there is a negative balance of heat, can aggravate acidosis and uremia. Uremia is characterized by BUN, Scr increased rapidly, with nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and other gastrointestinal reactions. Since all of these pathophysiological changes, often complicated by pulmonary infection, cardiac arrhythmia, nervous system damage and even death.
Polyuria of: oliguric period, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate increased, appeared more of urine, into the polyuria phase, but it does not mean that has been restored, because there is still time azotemia, renal tubular concentration function did not recover. Still water, electrolyte disorders. Performance for the 24-hour urine volume increased to 1500 ml or more, as many as 6,000 ml, of course, daily urine output is gradually increased, as long as the daily urine output was about 400 ml of urine that began to enter the multi-phase. Polyuria phase duration is about 7 to 14 days. Polyuria of renal function that began to recover, with the increase in urine output, oliguria of the various disorders gradually improved. But also prone to the negative water and electrolyte balance, such as dehydration, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, or have high blood calcium, and because long-term consumption of resistant patients decreased, may predispose to infection.
Recovery: After the entry of multi-urinary recovery, according to different patients, varying duration of recovery period, usually 3 months to 12 months. The regular presence of renal dysfunction, the majority can be completely back to normal, only a small number of residual renal dysfunction and may develop chronic renal insufficiency.
Treatment of acute renal failure principle is: mostly due to acute reversible failure of any treatment should be careful not to add damage. Oliguria focus on to minimize the oliguric phase of the various disorders, kidney disease should focus on to first base "to keep people", that is, save the sick, to prevent the death, removal of concrete are the primary factors, correct water and electrolyte and acid-base balance disorders, aggressive treatment of heart failure, arrhythmia, brain, stress ulcer bleeding and other serious complications, conditions are encouraged to take dialysis. Polyuria of treatment is to prevent negative electrolyte and water balance, up for what we lack, but also should prevent infection. In the oliguric phase should also ensure that patients have enough heat to add a long recovery because of the time, renal function should be protected from damage, can not be ignored. Traditional Chinese Medicine on the treatment of acute renal failure, mainly in polyuria and recovery periods, can promote the restoration and enhancement of patient body mass, mainly for the Qi and Yin Deficiency Zheng, Qi and Yin used method of increasing fluid Xuan Yong Sheng Mai Yin He Treatment, drugs such as American ginseng, Ophiopogon japonicus, Scrophulariaceae, raw Rehmannia, Radix. If the body can increase Semen Yang, Curculigo, Epimedium and other drugs. Treatment of the oliguric period, also reported according to the dialectical, according to Chinese medicine, "Dysuria" permit the treatment, but the results were not very sure, and not blindly use the euphorbia, Euphorbia, commercial land and other toxic substances, so as not to aggravate kidney damage.
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